2.1.1. The subtype of the locative predicate
The copula must be present both with case-marked and postpositional predicates.
| János | a | kert-ben | / | a | ház | előtt | van. |
| John | the | garden-INE | / | the | house | before | is |
’John is in the garden / in front of the house.’
Source: Hegedűs 2012: 55. (two examples combined)
The copula must be present with adverbs as predicates.
| János | jó-l | van. |
| John | good-ADV | is |
’John is (feeling) well.’
Source: Hegedűs 2012: 55.
Normally, the copula must be present both with lexical and pronominal predicates.
| Mari | hol | (*van)? |
| Mary | where | be.3SG |
’Where is Mary?’
Source: Example provided by database editor (native speaker).
In presentative sentences the copula can be absent occasionally. It only happens with locative pronominal elements, such as the interrogative hol 'where', and the demonstratives itt/ott 'here/there'. (There is another context in which the copula may be absent, but that does not depend on the type of the predicate.)
| Ott | a | busz. | Hol | a | kulcs? |
| there | the | bus | where | the | key |
’The bus is there. Where is the key?’
Source: É. Kiss 2021: 256.
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